This improved classification system for occupational physical activity yields an opportunity to gain a more precise picture of the relationship between occupational physical activity and total physical activity. were able to classify all occupations into three distinct occupational physical activity groups: high, intermediate, and low. (2015) developed a more precise classification of occupational physical activity levels based on device-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior derived from accelerometry data from National Health and Nutrition Exam Survey (NHANES) II–IV. Unfortunately, the majority of the occupations were considered to have ambiguous activity level and were therefore classified as “uncertain.” Studies restricting their analyses to only include a small portion of occupations (i.e., only occupations classified into high and low) limit what can be concluded about the relationship between occupational physical activity and health ( King et al., 2001 Kwak et al., 2016 Steeves et al., 2012 Van Domelen et al., 2011). ![]() Department of Labor to categorize occupations into three categories of occupational physical activity: high, low, or uncertain. used occupational descriptions from the U.S. The majority of studies examining occupation and physical activity have used study-created measures for occupation category/status, which hinders comparison between studies ( Kirk and Rhodes, 2011). This lack of consensus as to which occupations require high or low levels of physical activity remains a key gap in the literature ( Steeves et al., 2015). A key limitation noted by the authors was the heterogeneity in measurement of occupation status/category between studies. Manual workers were more likely to meet total physical activity guidelines measured as 10,000 steps per day, but these associations varied by gender. All of the studies indicated that individuals with higher-status occupations (i.e., white collar/non-manual labor) had lower total physical activity compared to individuals with lower-status jobs (i.e., blue-collar/manual labor). reviewed ten studies focusing on occupation status/category and total physical activity ( Kirk and Rhodes, 2011). Technological and urban transitions over time have changed the physical activity of many occupations. Few studies, however, have examined how occupational physical activity contributes to physical activity levels. Given that fully employed individuals spend a large proportion of their day at work ( Tudor-Locke et al., 2011), those in highly active occupations may accrue substantial amounts of qualifying physical activity through their job alone ( Steeves et al., 2015). The 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend that adults perform at least 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity (or 75 min of vigorous-intensity activity, or an equivalent combination of the two) as well as twice-weekly muscle-strengthening activities.( 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee, 2018) Further, the guidelines recognize that even short spurts of activity contribute to health while older guidelines required activity to take place in bouts greater than or equal to 10 min in length ( 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee, 2008). ![]() ![]() Physical activity is broadly defined as any movement of the body from skeletal muscles that results in increased energy expenditure, and includes daily activities such as housework, leisure time activity, occupational activity, and exercise ( Caspersen et al., 1985). It is well established that physical activity can reduce morbidity and mortality for many of these chronic conditions ( 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee, 2018 Naghavi et al., 2017). Non-communicable diseases are now the leading causes of death and disability among adults in the United States (U.S.) and globally ( 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee, 2018 Naghavi et al., 2017).
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